Thursday, February 2

Translation answer keys

Try to follow these important three steps:

1. Read the full excerpt;
2. Mark key words and expressions that might present some extra difficulty;
3. Do not automatically translate the text before understanding its meaning and how it would be written in English.

“O Estado autoritário e modernizador, que se consolida a partir de 1930, não inicia o processo de modernização brasileiro, que começa já em 1808, como vimos, mas o põe efetivamente num outro patamar. 

The authoritarian and modernizing state, which was consolidated as of 1930, did not start/begin/trigger/spark* the Brazilian modernizing process, which had already begun* in 1808, as we saw, but effectively elevated it to another level./Even so, it effectively raised it to another level. 

* Do not use initiate in this context, as it would be seen as a direct translation.

** Pay close attention to verb tenses in this text; the original Portuguese format cannot be used in English.

A partir dele, o processo de modernização brasileiro passa a ser comandado não mais pelo surto urbanizador e comercial, como no século XIX, mas, agora, pela industrialização. (...) 

From it/this, the Brazilian modernizing process was no longer driven by the urbanization and commercial upsurge, as (can be seen) in the 19th century, but now by industrialization. (...)

O Estado reformador de 1930 lança as bases dessa profunda transformação econômica, pela ênfase nas indústrias de base – como siderurgia e petróleo – e pela construção da infraestrutura para um crescimento capitalista em grande escala.”

The reformist state of 1930 launched the bases/foundations/pillars of this profound economic transformation by focusing on base industries/primary industries - such as steel and oil/petroleum - and by the construction of infrastructure for a large-scale capitalist growth."

The CACD Advanced Regular Prep Course focuses primarily on CACD mock exams and grammar/vocabulary exercises. In one class we will focus our attention on Summary and English Translation, in the following week on Composition and Portuguese translation, and in the third week on key grammar and vocabulary exercises. Thus, one core topic will last three weeks.

All articles are taken from such sources as The Economist, Foreign Affairs, The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Guardian, as well as sporadic literature and philosophy texts for a more metaphorical language study.

The course will consist of 16 weeks of 1.5hr live classes via ZOOM (24 hours of total class time). The price will be divided into either 5 payments of R$350.00 (Feb. – June) or one payment in cash of R$1,575.00 (10% discount).

I would like to begin the regular course in the week of February 6th – 10th. The course times that I am offering this semester are:

CACD Advanced – Regular Prep Course:

Wednesday mornings: 09:00am – 10:30.

Tuesday afternoons: 14:00 – 15:30.

Monday nights: 19:30 – 21:00.

If you are interested in joining this course, simply reply to this message and reserve your place in the class of your choice or suggest a new time slot. I will work on a first come first served basis. So please let me know of your plans ASAP.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Best regards, Todd Irwin Marshall.

(31) 99959-8751 / todd@toddmarshall.com.br / www.toddmarshall.com.br