Grammar tips

Today we will continue our analysis on the use of hyphens!

Hyphens are often used in compound modifiers when the modifier comes before the word it’s modifying. There are several rules for different types of hyphens, such as hyphens with multiple-word adjectives before nouns, compound modifiers with participles, and “high” and “low”.

Hyphens and compound modifiers with participles

Compound modifiers that include present or past participles follow the same rules as any other compound modifier.

With present participles

When we combine an adjective, a noun, or an adverb that doesn’t end in -ly with a present participle (the –ing form of a verb) to describe another word, we use a hyphen to make the meaning of the combined descriptor clear.

• “Fast-acting diplomacy is paramount in solving conflicts.”

But don’t use a hyphen when the modifier comes after the noun it’s describing.

• “The diplomatic negotiation that brokered a peace agreement in the region was fast acting to solve the crisis.” 

Don’t use a hyphen when you are combining an adverb ending in -ly and a participle.

• “The hall that was prepared to host the delegation was like a heavily decorated antique store.”

With past participles

Compound modifiers that contain a past participle follow the same rules as other compound modifiers. Use a hyphen when the compound goes before the noun it modifies.

• “A well-known local political figure is currently spearheading the ISIS terrorist group in Syria.”

Don’t use a hyphen when the compound comes after the noun it describes.

• “The current leader of the ISIS terrorist group in Syria is a political figure well known to the local population.” 

Stay tuned for more of Todd's grammar tips in our CACD English Newsletter!!